În procesarea metalelor, Ferăstrăul reci au devenit instrumente esențiale pentru tăierea preciziei datorită eficienței lor ridicate și a deformării termice scăzute. Spre deosebire de tăierea abrazivă tradițională, Ferăstrăul rece folosesc lame circulare de ferăstrău care se rotește la viteze mari pentru a forța materialele metalice într -o stare rece, Prevenirea eficientă a degradării pieselor de lucru sau a inexactității dimensionale cauzate de căldură. This article explores the two core types of cold saws—High-Speed Steel (HSS) Cold Saws and Tungsten Carbide-Tipped (TCT) Cold Saws—along with their structural features and operational best practices.
I. Two Primary Types of Cold Saws
1. High-Speed Steel (HSS) Ferăstrău reci
Made entirely of high-speed steel, these circular saw blades achieve a hardness of HRC 62-65 after specialized heat treatment. Key advantages include:
– Superior Toughness: Ideal for cutting medium-to-low hardness metals (e.g., aluminiu, copper alloys, mild steel), especially in intermittent cutting applications.
– Re-sharpenable Teeth: Teeth can be reground multiple times using professional equipment, extending service life and reducing long-term costs.
– Cost-Effective: Lower initial cost compared to TCT blades, suitable for small-batch or multi-material processing.
2. Tungsten Carbide-Tipped (TCT) Ferăstrău reci
Featuring carbide-tipped teeth (tungsten carbide) welded onto alloy steel bodies, these circular saw blades achieve a hardness exceeding HRA 90. Their characteristics include:
– Exceptional Wear Resistance: Designed for high-hardness metals (e.g., stainless steel, titanium alloys, hardened steel), offering 3-5x higher cutting efficiency than HSS blades.
– Precision Stability: Carbide tips resist deformation, maintaining repeatable cutting accuracy within ±0.1mm.
– High-Speed Compatibility: Operate at 300-600 m/min line speeds, perfect for automated continuous production lines.
II. Key Components of Circular Saw Blades
1. Blade Body
– Material: Spring steel (e.g., 75Cr1, 30CrMo) tempered for rigidity.
– Design: Stress-relief slots minimize vibration during high-speed rotation.
– Diameter Range: Φ200–500mm, compatible with various cutting machines.
2. Dintii
– Geometry: Alternate Top Bevel (ATB) for improved chip removal or Trapezoidal/Flat (TCG) for thick-walled materials.
– Tooth Count: Thin materials (1–3mm) require 80–120 teeth; thicker materials (>10mm) use 24–40 teeth.
3. Coatings
– HSS Blades: Titanium nitride (TiN) coatings enhance hardness and reduce friction.
– TCT Blades: Diamond coatings extend lifespan by 30% for ultra-hard alloy cutting.
4. Mounting System
– Center Bore: H7 tolerance ensures precise spindle alignment.
– Keyways/Pins: Prevent slippage during operation.
III. Critical Usage Guidelines for Circular Saw Blades
1. Speed and Feed Optimization
– HSS Circular Saw Blades: Maintain line speeds of 80–120 m/min.
– TCT Circular Saw Blades: Operate at 200–400 m/min.
– Adjust feed pressure based on material hardness to avoid tooth chipping.
2. Coolant and Lubrication
– Use water-soluble coolant (5–10% concentration) for cooling and lubrication.
– Direct nozzles toward the cutting zone with a minimum flow rate of 2L/min to prevent chip adhesion.
3. Installation and Maintenance
– Secure flanges with a torque wrench for even clamping force.
– Regularly check radial runout (≤0.02mm); perform dynamic balancing if out of tolerance.
4. Material-Specific Adjustments
– For stainless steel, prioritize TCT blades and reduce feed speed by 30%.
– Add auxiliary clamps for thin-walled tubes to minimize burrs caused by vibration.
IV. Technical Selection Recommendations
– HSS Cold Saws: Best for small-batch, multi-material jobs requiring cost flexibility.
– TCT Cold Saws: Ideal for high-volume, high-hardness cutting to offset initial costs through efficiency gains.
With advancements in coatings and carbide materials, circular saw blades are evolving toward longer lifespans and smart adaptability (e.g., AI-driven speed control). Operators must combine proper blade selection, parameter optimization, and strict adherence to protocols to maximize precision and productivity in metal cutting applications.
